By Huang Jiahui

2011The black profit empire built by former Railway Minister Liu Zhijun and Shanxi tycoon Ding Shumiao collapsed when Liu Zhijun was arrested in2013Year for suspected "selling officials" tens of thousands of yuan in bribes were put on death row, together with his nepotistic households were also included in the treatment, these official relations through years of "tribute", in the railroad system within the several promotions, in charge of the Ministry of Railways important institutions and departments.

Of course, the sale of officials and knighthood is not Liu Zhijun's patent, through the purchase of officials to get the title of the officials again will be the right to realize, for personal gain, Liu Zhijun himself, also commissioned Shanxi tycoon Ding Shumiao money to pave the way for subordinates "to buy the official", the intention is to pave the way for their own removal through cronyism to lay a network of private relations. This kind of illegal behavior of seeking benefits through power and network of relations is collectively known as "crony capitalism" in the world.

"Crony capitalism" has been prevalent for a long time, especially98When the financial crisis erupted in East Asia in 2007, there was a very popular argument in the United States that the main cause of the crisis was the so-called "crony capitalism" prevalent in the Asian region.

This view is undoubtedly debatable, as "crony capitalism" was not a special case in the developing countries of East Asia in the first place, but is a common phenomenon throughout the world, although it manifests itself in different ways in different countries.

Crony capitalism in developed countries is mainly manifested in the combination of private capital and government, with the government protecting private capital; private capital cultivates its own political spokespersons through parliaments and governments, and utilizes political lobbying to exert a great deal of influence on the decisions of politicians, in order to safeguard its own economic interests. For example, at the origin of the subprime mortgage crisis, the huge real estate financial institutions in the United States, the "two houses", led to a global financial market explosion. During the same period, the Enron Corporation of the United States spread money all over the political arena and organized a huge network of relations, so that its own interests could be specially "taken care of" by the Government.

As for crony capitalism in developing countries, mainly in Asia, its forms are more varied, with conspiracies between officials and the public, between officials and officials, between officials and businesses, and even between officials and enterprises, and between officials and law-enforcement agencies. Their behavior is even more secretive, and it is generally manifested in the fact that officials with real power form interest alliances with their superiors and subordinates, friends and relatives, and make use of their power to let go of power and money transactions and transfer of benefits. For example, we have talked about above Ding Shumiao with its direct line to deal with Liu Zhijun to buy officials and bribes, Tianjin Jin City, the former deputy director of the Discipline Inspection Commission Zhang Hongbao and his wife set up a power and money trading house to make a lot of money, and so on.

With the outbreak of the Great Depression and the financial crisis, crony capitalism had once become a target, and in order to curb this trend of crony capitalism in Western developed countries, the public demanded that the government take more restrictive measures against financial giants and established a series of fair economic systems and public supervision policies. But crony capitalism in developing countries, as represented by China, has intensified and even extended to become a social norm.

China's crony capitalism is particularly evident in officialdom, where market behavior lacks institutional safeguards, and officials with power abuse their private power to collude with businessmen and enterprises, and lawless elements work together for private gain leading to serious disorder in economic activities.

"Those who have the ability to win a wife and children, and those who don't have the ability to eat the salary of the court through relatives." This is the voice of the people under the ancient in-law relationship. As early as in the pre-Qin family world era, the inheritance of the throne, the title of hereditary, official personal attachment, is a regime depends on the survival of the social foundation. And the progress of a society, predicted that its personal dependence will be reduced, after a thousand years of modern China, has long ceased to maintain the social system by marriage, but still prevails to power as the base, the officialdom of this nepotism is even better than before, a high-ranking officials, the whole family, even mistresses are able to rise three levels.

In the enterprise, nepotism is also widespread, but the ability of the individual always occupies an important position, if you can create enough value in the enterprise, the boss is still willing to appoint you and promote you, unless the boss with the money is not good. Officialdom is different, first you have to have a pass to enter the door, the door inside the promotion of talent is not due to ability, mostly out of the higher-ups of the hammer, the government leaders of the personal will instead of the will of the right to the higher-ups say you do you do, a highly centralized bureaucracy for the higher-ups to provide arbitrary domination of the "cronyism"! The opportunity of "nepotism" is provided for these superiors. In real life, so-and-so is the brother-in-law of so-and-so, so-and-so is the son-in-law of a mayor, and the son-in-law of a mayor is the nephew of a governor!……Relationships are intricate and complex, such as hen laying and hatching eggs, layers stacked down is actually: who has direct relations with the leadership, who will be appointed, who is close enough to the leadership, who will be promoted, we borrow friends and relatives in the name of the Mingxiu dark road, the darkness, good luck, the day the leader in front of the stage power, behind the scenes of the "sons" will be able to eat! The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and then you'll be able to get your hands on one. In such an officialdom, if there is no background, no nepotism, but also no flattery, flattering, flattering skills, almost never want a position!

Leadership as the main body of the officialdom, engaged in the leadership means that the sky is the limit. The weakness of human nature, is the root of this shortcut, everyone loves to listen to pleasant words, everyone likes to make their own things go well with the people, of course, the higher-ups are no exception, the leadership of a drink: "I just like to use their own trusted people, I just like to bow down and listen to the ear of the loyal servants," we immediately do their best to use their own ingenuity to want to Leaders think, do leaders want to do, nodding and bowing, obedient to do a good job of a loyal servant should be; and such a "thinking about things as well as thinking about people, do the right thing as well as with the right person" speculation and exploitation of the art of rampant, you almost do not fantasize that these "students You should almost not fantasize that these "juniors" can make any achievements and serve the people in any way! This is one of the reasons why the modern officialdom mediocrity and villainy prevails.

Officials and officials have a close and complex relationship with each other, behind each official also has its own network of nepotism, commonly known as "embracing corruption". In this embracing process, everyone enjoys the party camping, personal enrichment, everyone holds the other side of the dirt, to ensure the stability of the establishment of a community of interest. A glory for all, a loss for all, once the interest group in a "pawn" out of the problem, cronyism in the network of "vassals" will come out to help dredge dredge, when this network more and more big problems, often cronyism in the network of When problems arise in the network, the "pawns" or "horsemen" in the nepotism network often take the lead to come out to be effective, and the "retainers" say, "Go in peace, and leave the rest to me! I'll take care of the rest." The "pawn" says, "I'll go, I'll rely on my big brother". This is why, whenever something goes wrong, most of them are deputy or insignificant officials who fall from grace, and when things calm down, those who fall from grace are often reinstated or even promoted a few grades in a row.

When the power of officials to a certain extent, they can control a large number of resources in the hands of the government, such as legislation and law enforcement, financial management, investment approval, management of state-owned assets, etc., these powers are often fuzzy boundaries, the exercise of power is not transparent, with the money of businessmen and entrepreneurs have rightly become the primary target of their bribery, when the power and money transactions have become a shortcut for doing business, then the crony capital derived from government and business collusion has also become a quite common social norm.

When an ordinary person without any political background starts a business in China, he will be very uneasy and fearful, he doesn't know how to face the layers of order and rules, and he is also very afraid that he will offend someone accidentally and end up losing both his money and his family's. But if he knows the right person, who can convince the government that his investment is worthwhile and ensure his personal safety, then everything will change. But if he knows the right person, the result will be different, this person can make the government believe that his investment is valuable, but also to ensure his personal safety, then everything has changed essentially, the delicate relationship between the government and the business sector led to their intimate, as a pair of dragon and phoenix brother and sister, to push cups of wine, you and I. The relationship between the government and the business sector is also a very important factor in the development of China's economy.

Officials and business collusion of crony capitalism is the current spread of corruption is an important driver, the country's large number of state-owned assets lost enterprises or individuals hand, aggravating the polarization of society between the rich and poor, and undermine social harmony and stability, in this complex chain of interests, if a person unfortunately fell into the net, facing is lost in the monkey monkey scattered, and then follow the vine to find the melon may be able to touch out a large number of.

2014Liu Han, chairman of the Hanlong Group, the largest private entrepreneur in Sichuan, was executed in Xianning on suspicion of transferring bribes, and the billionaire went to his death along with the former political commissar of Dezhou, the former director of the Finance Department of Dezhou, and the Deputy Prosecutor General of the People's Procuratorate. Similar cases of Gome Electrical Appliances founder Huang Guangyu, once China's richest man, due to insider trading, unit bribery was sentenced; tens of billions of dollars of the Golden Mantis Zhu Xingliang involved in bribery to the Ji Jianye as well as the recent Gadobao former chairman Li Hongdao bribery flight and so on and so forth countless.

The survey shows that the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the 18th session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection "hit the tiger in the effectiveness of at least20More than vice-provincial ministerial-level senior officials "to accept the organization to investigate", and each senior officials "to accept the organization to investigate" behind, basically will involve a number of entrepreneurs at the same time "to be investigated".
as soon as2013In 2009, the number of senior executives of SOEs who were declared to be "under investigation", "under investigation" or "assisting in investigation" was approximately37If we include those who have been declared "double-regulated" or "double-expelled", we can see that they have been declared "double-regulated" or "double-expelled".6Including a total of42People. The huge data base shows the sickly official business norm where corporate subterfuge has become the norm.

Under the crony capitalism's embrace of corruption, profit is paramount, conscience is absent, people put their hopes on the bureaucracy, everyone weaves their own gray network of interests, disregarding the fairness and justice of the market, seriously jeopardizing the socio-economic-political development. Although the central government is now vigorously "anti-corruption", but the effect and impact is far from enough, after all, the system of this land itself is a breeding ground for corruption, any "anti-corruption" behavior to bring the effect can only be scratching the itch. Nowadays, the world, clean government and anti-corruption construction and do a good job in most of the countries are democracy and the rule of law is more sound and perfect country, "democracy", the real power of supervision, system construction and decision-making rights back to the people; "rule of law" through effective supervision and perfect The "rule of law", through effective supervision and a sound legal system, puts officials and power into a cage, thus eradicating the soil that breeds corruption.