In Chinese, the word "Burma" means "distant frontier". Since the Yuan Dynasty, Burma has been in contact with China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Burma became a British colony. At the time of the founding of New China, three sections of the border between China and Myanmar were in question, including the "1941 line" drawn by the British and the Nationalist government. The Kokang people in Myanmar, who are in constant conflict with government forces, are actually Han Chinese, while the Kachin are the same ethnic group as the Jingpo in Yunnan.
As early as the Yuan Dynasty, the Bagan Dynasty of Burma was reduced to a Yuan vassal state. The Ming court established five of the six native tribes on the outskirts of Yunnan, all of which were located in today's Burma. During the Qing-Burma wars of the Qianlong period, Burma was ostensibly subjugated. In 1886, the Qing government was forced to recognize the British occupation of Burma after the signing of the Sino-British Burma Clause.
China and Britain have since had a territorial dispute over the Yunnan-Burma border. The British colonizers named Myanmar Burma on the basis of the Burmese ethnic group.

During World War II, China and Britain established a military alliance. The Yunnan-Burma Highway became the only lifeline of land transportation for China's southwestern rear. In order to fight against Japan and defend the southwestern rear, the Chinese army even entered Burma and India to fight.

However, in 1941, during the most difficult period of China's anti-Japanese war, Britain used the closure of the Yunnan-Burma Highway as a means of pressure to draw a border in its favor in the Ka Wa mountainous region by means of an exchange of letters with the Kuomintang government, and assigned a piece of land in the Banhong and Banlao districts to British territory. This is known as the "1941 line".
This agreement was inherited by Burma after its independence, and the area west of the "1941 line" was transferred to the Shan State of Burma; when the People's Liberation Army (PLA) liberated Yunnan in 1950, the remnants of the Kuomintang general Li Mi fled to the Shan State of Burma, where he became an independent kingdom, wreaking havoc and harassment on Chinese territory.
In 1952, while pursuing the remnants of the Kuomintang, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered the area west of the "1941 line" in the southern sector and stationed itself there. The Burmese government did not take a position on this incident. In 1954, Li Mei withdrew most of his troops to Taiwan, leaving behind a small force. This force was not officially disbanded in the Golden Triangle until 1992.

And in Burma, after the defeat of Japan, the Burmese nationalist leader Aung San reached the historic Bunlong Agreement with the ethnic elites at the Bunlong Conference in February 1947. He assured the Chin, Kachin and Shan leaders present that they would be granted a measure of autonomy in the Union of Burma.

Aung San gained the trust of the ethnic communities, but it was not long before he was assassinated by the opposition. After that, U Nu became the Prime Minister of Myanmar. After the founding of New China, Myanmar officially established diplomatic relations with China in June 1950, and was the first of the countries with different social systems to recognize China.
In June 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai visited Myanmar. During this visit, Zhou Enlai spoke for the first time about the China-Myanmar border issue. At that time, there were three sections of the border between China and Myanmar, namely, the section in the Wa Mountainous Region, the Mong Mao Triangle and the section north of the Jian Gao Mountain, which was the "1941 line". Among them, the section in the Wa Mountains was the "1941 line".
After a number of talks between Chinese and Burmese leaders, it was decided that, from the end of November 1956, Chinese troops would be withdrawn from the area west of the 1941 line, and Burmese troops would be withdrawn from the areas of Katma, Gangfang and Gulang. By the end of 1956, both sides had completed their withdrawal.
On October 1, 1960, the two countries formally concluded the China-Myanmar Border Treaty. In accordance with the Treaty, Myanmar transferred to China the areas of Katma, Gulang and Gangfang, and China agreed to hand over the Mengmao Triangle to Myanmar, while at the same time, the territories of the Banhong and Banlao tribes to the west of the "1941 line" were transferred to China.
Dissatisfied with the concessions made by the U Nu government to the ethnic rebels, in March 1962 Ne Win announced that the National Defense Force had taken over. Since then, Burma has been under military rule. Ne Win is a national hero who formed the Independence Army with Aung San.
When Nevin came to power, he adopted a policy of massive nationalization of the economy. The Chinese government has taken a supportive attitude towards this.

In 1967, Chinese personnel in Burma distributed Chairman Mao's quotations and insignia to Burmese overseas Chinese as well as Burmese, causing discontent and interference on the part of the Burmese government. The Burmese people surrounded and stormed the Chinese Embassy in Burma, and Chinese expert Liu Yi was killed.

On July 3, 1967, Beijing's rebel mass organizations held a 100,000-person "anti-Burma rally" at the Forbidden City's Noon Gate to denounce the Burmese government. The slogan "Down with Ne Win and the Burmese Reactionaries" became the slogan of the time, and the Chinese government openly supported the Burmese Communist Party. It was not until August 1971, when Chairman Mao Zedong met with Ne Win, that foreign aid to the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) diminished.
By the 1980s, "Burmese-style socialism" was at an end. 1987, the government had to apply to the United Nations for least developed country status, and on August 10, the ruling Ne Win had to say, "We have to change some of our practices in order to catch up with the changing times. times". However, before the reforms could be made, in March 1988, student riots began in the streets of Yangon.
Just when the situation in Burma was on the verge of getting out of control, Aung San Suu Kyi, the daughter of Burma's founding father, General Aung San, returned to Rangoon. Many victims, militants and retired senior military officers, asked Aung San Suu Kyi to come out and lead the democracy movement. "I cannot turn a blind eye to what is happening in my country," Aung San Suu Kyi said, finally sitting down.

On September 27, 1988, Aung San Suu Kyi formed the National League for Democracy (NLD) and became its general secretary, but in July 1989 the military government placed her under house arrest on charges of inciting riots, and in the May 1990 general election Aung San Suu Kyi's NLD won a landslide victory, but the military government refused to hand over power. In the May 1990 elections, the NLD, led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, won an overwhelming victory, but the junta refused to hand over power.

After 1988, China-Myanmar economic relations developed rapidly, and in 1991, the military government of Myanmar began to implement a policy of economic reform and opening up; in 1993, the Tengchong-Myitkyina section of the Stilwell Highway was rehabilitated and opened to traffic.
The border trade between Myanmar and Yunnan is well developed. The border markets in Yunnan's Dehong region, such as Wanchang, Ruili, Pangchuan and Yingjiang, are very active, with a wide range of commodities.
Katama Township in Lushui County, on the Yunnan border, shares a border with Kachin State in Myanmar, and the word "Katama" comes from the Jingpo language, meaning "a place where wood is piled up".
Jadeite market in Ruili, Yunnan. Jadeite and other gemstones are currently the most important economic source in Kachin State, Myanmar, and more than 90% of the world's jadeite is currently produced in the Myitkyina region of Kachin State, Myanmar.
In recent years, there have been military clashes in northern Burma. in 2009, the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), led by Kokang Pang Ka Seng, clashed militarily with the government of the Union of Myanmar, triggering a wave of refugees. The Kokang people, who live in the northeastern part of present-day Shan State in Burma, are originally Han Chinese from Yunnan Province. In 1897, Kokang was annexed to British Burma when the Qing government signed the Sino-British Renewal of the Treaty of Burma.
The Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the largest anti-government force in northern Myanmar, was another active force along the border between China and Myanmar, and was the subject of one of the largest sieges in the history of the country by Myanmar government forces in May 1987. 1994 saw a cease-fire agreement between the two sides, which was broken in June 2011, and fighting between the two sides in the north of the country. Since then, fighting has continued in northern Burma.
China and Myanmar have long been friendly at the governmental level, but in recent years, the relationship between the two governments as well as their armies has become delicate as the United States has stepped up its efforts to draw Myanmar closer. The moderate Burmese forces represented by Aung San Suu Kyi are the ones that are more in line with the demands of the neighboring forces, especially those that can satisfy the armed forces in northern Burma.